“STOP: c00002e2 Directory Services could not start because of the following error: A device attached to the system is not functioning. Error Status: 0xc0000001. Please shutdown this system and reboot into Directory Services Restore Mode, check the event log
So I rebooted into the restore mode
ntdsutil
activate instance ntds
files
could not initialize the jet engine: jet error -501
failed to open dit for ad ds/lds instance ntds. error -2147418113
exit out of ntdsutil
c:\windows\ntds\esentutl /g ntds.dit
....
initiating integrity mode...
database: ntds.dit
temp. database: tempinteg648.edb
checking database integrity.
the database is not up-to-date. this operation may find that this database is corrupt because data from the log files has yet to be placed in the database.
to ensure the database is up-to-data please use the recovery operation
operation terminated with error -550 (jet_errdatabase dirtyshutdown, database was not shutdown cleanly. because must first be run to properly complete database operations for the previous shutdown) alter 4. 234 seconds.
next I tried
esentutl /p ntds.dit
scanning status completed but defragmentation failed at 60%
operation terminated with error -1019 (jet_errpagenotinitialized, blank database page) alter 17 seconds.
any help welcome.